Westron, Annúnaid, or Adûni was a late form of Adûnaic mixed with elements of indigenous languages, mostly from the edainic peoples of Eriador and Rhovanion but to some degree also with elements from the Daen tongues.
Westron was the "official" and most widespread language in the ancient lands of Arnor and Gondor and it's former provinces, and had become the usual trade and colloquial language in the lands from Rhovanion to Rhûn and Haradwaith, although tribal languages still remained prominent in the lands further removed from the Westlands. Therefore the Westron was also simply known as Sôval Phârë or the Common speech.
Dialects[]
- Angmarian - a harsh northern dialect of Westron with elements of northern eriadorian bórian dialects, hillman and Orcish.
- Archaic Westron - the early Form of Westron spoken in the early to mid Third Age.
- Breeish or Breelandish (rural Westron with elements of Daenael)
- Calenardhonian - The Westron Dialect of Calenardhon, heavily influenced by the Adûnaic dialect of Emerie and Taliska.
- Dialects of Minhiriath (Westron with elements of Daenael and Dunael)
- Dialects of the Northern marches and the Rivermen (Westron with Elements of Eriadic, Daenael and Blarm)
- Dwarvish Westron (ancient northern Westron with elements of old Rhovanian)
- Gondorian (archaic and formal Westron with elements of Sindarin)
- Fallohide - a dialect of Western-Rhovanian, much similar to the Woodman-Tongue
- Haradaic or Haradron (Westron with elements of Haruzan and Apysan)
- High-Westron - a sophisticated form of westron, with loanwords from Quenya and sindarin, spoken by the upper-classes of Arnor and Gondor
- Shire-speech ("Kuduk") - a Hobbit-speech dialect of The Shire; Westron with some Elements of Rhovanian and Dunael)
- Old Marish-speech - a Hobbit-speech dialect with many loanwords from Dunlendish
- Bucklandish - a Hobbit-speech dialect with many loanwords from Dunlendish. Very close to Old Marish-speech
- Old Marish-speech - a Hobbit-speech dialect with many loanwords from Dunlendish
- Middle-Westron - the form of Westron spoken in the late third Age
- Rhûnic or Eastron (Westron with elements of different Ioradja and Ulgathig dialects)
- northern Orcish (Westron mixed with elements of rhovanian, Melkian Orcish and the Black speech)
Wordlist[]
Oto wordlista Westronu w czytelnej formie:
Westron Wordlist[]
- Aduni/Adûni - Western, Westron
- an/ac - man, one
- Annunaid - Western, Westron
- Arambil
- balc - horrible
- Ban/Bana - half, Sam
- ban - half-, almost (prefix)
- banakil - halfling, half-man
- Banazir - Samwise (Half-wise)
- bandur/dur - dell, vale
- banzir - halfwise (Hobbitish Westron)
- bara - quick, fast
- Barabatta - Quick-talker
- bas - village (Hobbitish Westron)
- batta - talker, talk
- bil/mil (suffix)
- Bilba
- Bilcuzil
- Bildad
- bolg - bulge
- Bolgra - fat (Hobbitish Westron), Bolger (family name)
- Bophin - hearty laughter, hearty fellow (Hobbitish Westron), Boffin (family name)
- bralda - heady, strong, foamy
- Bralda-him - Brandywine, heady ale (Hobbitish Westron)
- branda - border, march, borderland
- Brandagamba - Marchbuck (Hobbitish Westron), Brandybuck (family name)
- Branda-nin - Border-water (Brandywine River)
- brandu - foam
- canus - wanderer
- car/carba/carban - riven
- Carbandur - Rivendell
- cast/castu/kast - gift, mathom (Hobbitish and Rohirric Westron)
- Castar/Kastar - silver coin
- cram
- Cubuc/Cubug/Cugbagu - hobbit, hole-dweller (Hobbitish, archaic and Rohirric Westron)
- dalf - man
- dukan - dweller
- Dumuvurdur - House-guard (Hobbitish Westron)
- dur - dell
- Fastito - titanic, vast
- Fastitokalon - giant sea-turtle
- gad - bound, fixed, closed
- galab/galb/galp - play, game
- Galabas
- Galbasi - Gamgee (family name)
- Gamba - buck, male deer, stag
- gan - staff
- ganda - wander
- Gandalf - Staff-man, wanderer
- gast - tamer, victor
- gi/ingi - descendant
- globa/gluva - hole, smial
- grad - march, mark, boundary (Rohirric Westron)
- grind - wall
- gu - thing, person, one (suffix)
- Hagavorl - Hawthorn-wall
- hald/ald - man, person, one
- ham/hama/haman - small
- Hamanullas - small blue flower, Lobelia (possibly "enfolding leaves")
- him/hima - ale, beer
- hloth/loth - home, two-room dwelling
- Hlothram - Cotton (family name), cottager
- hlothrama - cotman, cottager
- Hlothran - village
- in - host, group, plural (suffix); grey (in sense of old, wise)
- Incanus - grey wanderer
- ingul - dell, dale
- Ingold
- Kali - Merry, merry, jolly, happy, gay
- Kalimac - Meriadoc
- Kalon - sea-turtle
- karn - riven
- Karningul - Rivendell
- kil - man, scion
- Kili - abandoned
- kud - hole
- Kud-dukan - Hole-dweller (Rohirric Westron)
- kuduk - halfling, hobbit
- laban/labin - bag
- Labingi - Baggins (Hobbitish Westron)
- Labin-neg - Bag End
- las/llas - flower
- Lograd - Horse-march (Rohirric Westron)
- loho - horse (Rohirric Westron)
- Lohtur - Horse-folk, Horse-land (Rohirric Westron)
- luthur/luthran - brown, down, fluff
- Mattalic
- maur/maura - wise, experienced
- Nahald - obscure, deep down, secret, Déagol
- Nahand - Déogol, apt to hide, secretive
- narag/narac - dwarf
- nargian - dwarven, dwarfish
- nas - people
- neg/nec - end
- nil - moon
- nin - water
- nul/ul - blue
- Ogmandab - Gorhendad
- orka - orc
- Phare - speech
- PHUR - delve (root)
- phur - to delve
- phuru - mine, delving
- Phurunargian - Dwarf-delving, Dwarrow Delf, Moria
- puta/puta - trumpet-player, blower
- rada - wild beast
- Radagast - Tamer of beasts
- ram/rama - dweller
- ran - home
- ranu - dwelling holey, village (Hobbitish Westron)
- Ranugad - stay-at-home, Hamfast (Hobbitish Westron)
- rapha - dwelling, inn, bristle, burr
- ras/ray - horn
- Rasputa/Rayputa - Hornblower (family name)
- raza - stranger
- razan - foreign
- Razanur - Wanderer, Peregrin
- razar - small red apple, Pippin
- ribadyan - person celebrating birthday
- Rog - demon, goblin, wose, wild man (Rohirric Westron)
- Soval Phare - Common Speech
- Suza - Shire, province
- tapuc - rabbit
- tar - high
- Tarkil - man of Númenorean descent
- tharan - four
- tharantin - quarter, fourth part
- tharni - farthing
- Thorunahim - Eorlingas
- thuron - lord
- tin - part, thing
- Tobi
- Tobias
- Tomacca
- Tomburan
- tragu - burrower, worm (Northern Rhovanian Westron)
- Trahald - burrowing, worming in, Sméagol
- trahan/tran - smial, burrow, burrower (Northern Rhovanian Westron)
- tuca - daring (Hobbitish Westron)
- Tud - watch, guard (root)
- tudnas
- Tuk - Took (family name)
- tunas - guard
- tung - big, stoor (Hobbitish Westron)
- Tur/Tur - people, land (Rohirric Westron)
- Turan/Turac/Turac - king (Rohirric Westron)
- uir - sun
- ur - man, person, one
- zara - old
- Zaragamba - Oldbuck (family name)
- Zara-tobi - Old Toby
- Zilbirapha - Butterbur
- zilib - butter
- zir/zira - wise
Inspirations[]
Because a lot of the root words featured for Westron hardly seem Indo-European, such as the word "ban" for "half", "zir" for "wise", "nin" for "water", and "laban" for "bag", one has to wonder if Indo-European sources were intended at all. Given its descent from Adunaic, which is supposedly best compared to ancient Hebrew, Westron could be most like a very archaic Semitic language.
See:
- Reunited Kingdom (for examples of fourth Age "neo-Westron" names)
References[]
- Westron on Ardalambion (http://folk.uib.no/hnohf/index.htm)