Mûmakan

The Mûmakan (Mu. "Land of the Mûmakil", Ad. Mûmakathâni, later: "Mûmakha", "Mûmahâ") was a large, hilly land best known for it's myriad rivers and jungles. It was situated south of the Tûr Betark and north of the Inner Sea, in southernmost Middle-earth.

Description[]

The vast elevated plain of central Mûmakan was a savanna, the outskirts of which were punctuated by irregular rocky hills. The northern half of the plain was dominated by the Kann-Shamûrda, a collection of vast lakes. The Mûmakanda uplands descended into small coastal plains covered with dense tropical rainforest. The climate of the whole region was subtropical and dry, making it a suitable home for lions, leopards, jackals, rhinos, giraffes, zebras, antelopes and, of course, the huge Mûmakil from which the land derived its name. Twelve tribes made up the Mûmakani, each of which consisted of a number of clans. The twelve tribes were further grouped according to the kind of environment they typically lived in (which led to shared life-ways and a strong feeling of unity). The largest and most traditional tribal grouping were the Zamaril, semi-nomadic savanna-dwellers. The second group, the Krâlakril, lived in or near the borders of the rainforests. Though fewer than the Zamaril, the Krâlakril lived in more populous settlements, supported by great numbers of slaves who cultivated food as well as cash crops (e.g., Fuglas and fruit) for the warrior class. The third group of tribes were the Sîril, who lived near the coasts. A bit more civilized than their kinsfolk, the Sîril often acted as traders with neighboring peoples, though most lived by fishing and hunting.

Timeline[]

First Age[]

F.A. 1: The rising of the Sun. Men awaken at Hildorien.
c. F.A. 150: The first Men migrate into the Utter South. They settle in the region which later becomes the center of Kesâr.
c. F.A. 200: Rise of the Mannish realm of later Geshân under the influence of Avari of the south.
c. F.A. 400: More Mannish groups, such as the ancestors of the Kihîr, migrate into the Utter South. They live as subjects and pupils of the masters of later Kesâr. Their cosmology stems from Kesâr teachers, who in turn learned from the Dark Elves.
c. F.A. 480: The realm of Kesâr reaches its cultural and political peak. Their domain encompasses all territories of Maûmakanar. Yet unrest soon reaches Kesâr.
F.A. 501: Beginning of the decline of Kesâr. Around this time, the early Akanli migrate into the Utter South. Their mythology takes on the much darker sides of Kesâr religion.
F.A. 550 - 600: Several catastrophes, such as crop failure, pestilence, civil war, and floods, lead to the final downfall of the realm of Kesâr.
F.A. 603: Morgoth is overthrown, Angband razed, and Beleriand drowned in the distant north. In the greater changes to Middle-earth, the ecological catastrophe causes the final ruin of the remnants of Kesâr.

Second Age[]

c. S.A. 20: The early Kihîr begin to organize themselves to a greater degree in the region later known as kahauru-nîndihr.
c. S.A. 40: Arrival of the earliest ancestors of the later Khathenê in the Utter South, believed by some to be kin to the Edain of Beleriand.
c. S.A. 50: Surviving local priests of the Tyar faith of Kesâr who fled their declining realm in the hold of Kírnak teach their knowledge to the ancestors of the Kathenê and the Kihîr.
S.A. 60 - 80: The last priests of the Tyar faith die without successors. Their books of knowledge are lost.
S.A. 103: the earliest predecessor of later Kahauru-nîndihr is founded as a united realm.
S.A. 106: ancestors of the Kathenê are united under a legendary first king, Manins.
S.A. 353: boat-traveling ancestors of the Hûsakwu peoples land for the first time on the western shores of the later bay of Hûsakwuanâ.
c. S.A. 500: Sauron begins to stir again.
S.A. 972: First landing of Númenóreans at later Kahauru-nîndihr.
c. S.A. 1,200: Sauron adopts a fair guise as Annatar in the distant north.
S.A. 1,200 - 1,300: Frequent raids of Akanli armies into the territory of Kahauru-nîndihr.
S.A. 1,230: The Great Earthquake. The river Kahauru alters its course, leaving Kahaurushâglina without a port.
S.A. 1,249: The ancestors of the Maûmakanar attack Kahauru-nîndihr. The siege of Kahaurushâglina takes place, but relief is provided by a Númenórean force.
S.A. 1,253 - 1,260: The port of Kahaurushâglina is rebuilt with Númenórean aid. Long walls between the old city and the new port are built to protect the Kihîr from their aggressive neighbors.
S.A. 1,276: Despite Hûsakwuanân resistance, the Númenórean colony of Londë Hallacarva (later Sarûl) is founded along the jungle-infested northeastern coast of the Bay of Hûsakwuanâ.
S.A. 1,600: The One Ring is completed.
S.A. 1,701: Sauron is defeated by Númenóreans and the Elves of Lindon in the War of the Elves and Sauron.
c. S.A. 1,750: Sauron's agents enter Maûmakanar and begin influencing the Conjurer-lords in the land of the Mûmakil.
c. S.A. 1,850: Under Tar-Ciryatan, military concessions are exacted from the people of Middle-earth. Londë Hallacarva grows rapidly, with many ships going there instead of to Kahaurushâglina.

Regions[]

Amba Mûdaka jungle Bay of Kôros Coast of Mûmakan eastern hill-country Kann-Shamurda plateau Lakes of Kann-Sharmûnda Mîmakai hills northern hill-country southeast cape southern rainforest southern savannas southern shores of the Bay of Gan

Places of Note[]

Amarû Aurax-Dûr Batamak Dûrdamal Dûrlam Engkîr Jessa Lond Hallacar Mamûri Mirisgroth Mûmarak Nûlakad Pharabâs Tanith Tauronde Tirgoroth Tombs of Oran-Plaar Ûmakad

Characters[]

Hargrog

Inhabitants (of Greater Mûmakan)[]

Dwarves:

Elves:

Giants:

Men:

Orcs:

Trolls:

Notes[]

Though memories of names of the same root "Hamao-mahakanaru", "Maûmakanar", "Maûmakana", "Mûmakan", "Mûmaha" were not necessarily exactly the same entity or even terrain, the original term referred to a group of Akanli tribes, a tribal confederacy, later a kingdom and its successors and finally a sub-province of Sauron's dominion.

References[]

the Wild Lands south and East, Gazetteer by Pete Fenlon

Editorial Note: This entry contains speculative or fan-based material — such as fanon, fanfiction, or theory constructs — that may not be directly supported by canonical texts. Interpretations offered here are part of the NNCA’s speculative corpus and should not be mistaken for primary Tolkien sources.