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in: Animals, Creatures, Olvar and Kelvar

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The book of the animal kingdom (7335336278)

The creatures of Arda had been known to the Eldar as kelvar, “living things that moved,” in contrast to the olvar, “those that did not move.” From early times the Loremasters of the Eldar had devised a "tengwesta", or "system", by which the kelvar were ordered. Among their divisions were the ramacelvar (Q."winged animals"), the eärcelvar (Q."water‑beasts"), the potili (Q."many‑legged creatures"), the tixaror (Q."crawling kinds", amphibians and reptiles), the laimamatyar (Q."leaf‑eaters"), the oromëannar (Q."gifts of Orome", beasts given for riding and draught), and the lama raustear (Q."beasts of prey").

In later Ages the Númenóreans and their students had received this system and had adapted it to their own learning, expanding certain groups and renaming others. The corrupted creatures of Morgoth, called Ulundur, had for the most part been excluded, though disputes had arisen among the lore‑masters as to whether some beasts were natural or rather abominations.Such debates had never been fully resolved, and the records had preserved both opinions.

The Ramacelvar (Winged Creatures)[]

Pied Swans - Schreckenschwäne - A pair of Pied Swans, sacred to the Vala Yavanna in Middle-earth, glide gracefully across a misty marsh in the Nindalf. These large aquatic birds have

The order of the ramacelvar, “winged animals,” had encompassed all creatures that moved by flight, including both birds and bats. In the lore of the Eldar this order had been treated as distinct, and later lore‑masters of Númenor and their students had preserved and expanded the divisions.

Birds had been numerous throughout Arda, and the Eldar had used the general term "wilini" for them, while "aiwer" had referred to the smaller kinds. Many groups had been distinguished by form, song, or habitat. Among those recorded were:

  • Songbirds (lindor, merilin): blackbirds, bluebirds, buntings, chaffinches, chats, dippers, flycatchers, gold‑speckled brown birds (wattle‑eyes), kinglets, kirinki, larks ("lirulini", "aimenali"),nightingales ("lómelindër", "tindómerel", "tinúvielath"), nuthatches, robins ("crinthammosi", "cilobinci"), shrikes, snowbirds, starlings, thrushes, warblers, willow‑wrens, wrens, yellowhammers ("ambalër" ,"emlinnath")
    • tits: chickadees, great tits, willow tits
  • Finches and sparrows ("flincath","filincër" and "filiti")
  • Swallows ("tuilindor", "tuilinnath")
  • Pigeons and dove ("cucuar", "cuguath"): including rock‑doves
  • Crows and ravens ("quácor", "corchath"): crebain, gorcrows, jail‑crows of Mandos, mountain ravens, ravens of the north, stormcrows, carrion crows, great crows, rooks, jays
  • Owls: barn‑owls, brown owls, great owls, long‑eared owls, owls of Mandos, screech‑owls, spirit‑owls
  • Domestic and Game Fowl ("porokir"): barn fowl ( "porocër", "porogath"), grouse, moor‑birds, pheasants,
  • Waterfowl and seabirds: cormorants, ducks ("quâr"), eiderducks, geese ("váni"), guillemots, puffins, screamers, warders
    • swans ("alquar", "eilph"): great swans, lordly swans, royal swans, swans of Gorbelgod, white swans
    • gulls ( "maiwër", "maewath") and petrels ("quéner", "cuenath"): seagulls, albatrosses, seamews, stormbirds, storm‑mews, storm petrels
  • Shore and wading birds: bitterns, herons, plovers, sandpipers, shorebirds, snipes, stilts
    • storks: lake‑storks
  • Wading and marsh-birds: coots, corn crakes, crakes, cranes, rails
  • other small or nocturnal birds: cuckoos
    • nocturnal insect‑eaters: cavebirds, goat‑suckers, nightjars
  • Diving and Fishing birds: blue fishers, corn crakes, divers or loons, Kingfishers ("halatiri", "heledirath")
  • Raptors: red kites, vultures,
    • Eagles ("soroni", "thoronath"): great eagles of the west, mountain eagles, sea‑eagles
    • Falcons and hawks ("fioni", "haror"): peregrine falcons, windhovers, hellhawks, nighthawks, harriers
  • woodpeckers ("tambaror")
  • Other groups: swifts ("lindwil"), dwarf hummingbirds.

The bats ("qildarer") had been treated as a separate branch within the ramacelvar. Several kinds had been remembered, some of them associated with dark places or with Aman itself.

Recorded were: small bats, barrow‑bats, bats of Fúi, cave‑bats, giant vampire bats, great bats, hunting‑bats.

The Potili (Many‑Legged Creatures)[]

Cliff Hornets - A realistic fantasy illustration of Cliff Hornets from Middle-earth. These are aggressive, social wasp-like insects about 1 inch long, nesting in crac

The order of the potili, “many‑footed,” had included the smaller crawling and flying creatures with numerous legs. These had been regarded as a distinct kind among the kelvar, and their variety had been great. The lore‑masters had noted both the useful and the noxious, and in later ages the Númenóreans had preserved many of their names.

Among the insects that had been recorded were:

  • Fleas and lice ("cáfruath", "campor" and "gwevin")
  • Ants ("*pímótari")
  • Bees ("nieri"), including: bumblebees, dumbledores, honeybees, the large Beorning bees, firebees, and golden bees
  • Flies ("tsettër", "sithali"), including: horseflies, gnats, stinging black‑flies, midges, the flies of Gorgoroth and Morgai flies, silver flies, and swamp‑flies
    • Dragonflies ("sithagongli") including the dragonflies of paradise (Aman)
  • Beetles, including: stag beetle, long‑horned beetles, weevils, and woodworms
  • Butterflies ("wilwarin", "gwilwilethath")
  • Moths ("malor", "fufrili"), including: black moths, dark greys, lantern‑eyes, white moths, purple emperors, and the black butterflies of Mirkwood
  • Crickets, including the large neekerbreekers of the Midgewater Marshes
  • Grasshoppers
  • Hornets, including: Hummerhorns, great hornet‑like insects

Spiders and Related Kinds

The spiders ("liantër") had been counted among the potili, though the great spiders stature and malice had set some apart. Ordinary animal spiders ("ungwër") had been known, but the greater kinds had also been remembered:

  • The great spiders, half‑demonic in nature
    • The great spiders of Mirkwood
      • The guardian‑spiders, a noted subtype of Mirkwood
    • The great spiders of Mordor

Mites and ticks had also been placed within this order.

The Crawling Kinds (Amphibians and Reptiles)[]

An annotated list of the batrachians and reptiles collected by the British Ornithologists' Union Expedition and the Wollaston Expedition in Dutch New Guinea (1914) (17802015103)

The crawling kinds had been set apart from both the potili and the greater beasts, for they moved low upon the earth or dwelt in water and marsh. The Eldarin lore‑masters had grouped them together as a lesser order, though their forms had been diverse.

Among the amphibians (Q."yulunefíter") that had been remembered were:

The reptiles (Q."lôkôr") had been noted chiefly for their creeping gait and their scales. Recorded were:

The Laimamatyar (Leaf‑Eaters and Grazing Beasts)[]

Fiara - A naturalistic fantasy illustration of a group of Fiara, small deer-like herbivores from Middle-earth, standing at the edge of a misty forest in south

The laimamatyar, “leaf‑eaters,” had comprised the many beasts that lived by grazing upon grass, leaves, and shoots. They had been of great importance to the peoples of Middle-earth, both in the wild and in domestication. The Eldarin lore‑masters had placed them in a distinct order, and the Númenóreans had preserved many of their names.

Deer and Related Kinds[]

The deer ("*arassër", "arassath") had been numerous in the forests and plains. Among them were remembered: Elk, harts ("arasi"), fallow deer, great deer, red deer, and the large and either white or blueish-black elfin deer.

The goats ("nyenër") had been both wild and tame. Recorded were: Domestic goats, wild goats of the Westlands, mountain goats, wild goats of Eriador, and wild goats of Rhovanion.

Cattle[]

The kine ("mundor") had been of many sorts, some of them renowned in song. Among them were: The cattle of Oromë in Aman, the royal cattle ("aramundath"), the wild kine of Araw in Rhûn, the wild aurochs, the Eriadorian long‑haired cattle, the domesticated cattle ("yaxër"), the small oxen of the Hobbits, and the white oxen.

The sheep ("mámar") had been kept by many peoples. Remembered were: Wild sheep, domestic sheep, elven sheep, Númenórean sheep, the long‑necked sheep of the Hobbits, and the sheep of Gondor.

Other Grazing Beasts[]

Other grazing beasts had also been known:

The Oromëannar (Riding and Draught Beasts)[]

The oromëannar, “the gifts of Oromë,” had comprised those beasts that bore burdens or served as companions in travel and war. They had been esteemed among Elves and Men alike, and their lineages had been carefully remembered.

Horses and Their Kind[]

  • The true horse ("roccor", "rochath") had been the chief of the oromëannar. Many breeds had been recorded:

The wild horses of the northern and eastern lands, horses of Harad, horses of Valinor and their descendants the elven horses of and great horses of Númenor, the horses of Gondor, the Mearas and their descendants among the lesser horses of Rohan, the fell horses of Mordor, including the most dreadful Morgul-horses.

Ponies and Asses[]

Smaller beasts of burden had also been kept: The ponies of the Dwarves, ponies of the Hobbits, mountain ponies of Rohan and donkeys of the Westlands

Camels and Other Beasts[]

In the South and East other kinds had been known:

The lama raustëar ("Beasts of Prey")[]

The lamar raustëar, “beasts of prey,” had comprised those creatures that hunted or fed upon flesh. They had been feared and respected in equal measure, and many of them had played a part in the histories of Elves and Men. The lore‑masters had set them apart from the grazing beasts, for their nature had been more perilous.

bears[]

The bears ("morcor") had been known in many lands. Among them were: Black bears, the great bears of the Misty Mountains, the great black bears and great brown bears

cats[]

The cats ("yaulër") had been both tame and wild. Remembered were:

  • Housecats, the cats of Mordor, Tawny cats,
  • wild cats including the Great cats, among them the Pards, likely of the cheetahs family and possibly known in Aman, and Lions ("rauror", "rawath"), including giant lions, also possibly of Aman

dogs and hounds[]

The dogs ("röar") had been numerous, serving both as companions and hunters. Among them were: Domesticated dogs including herd‑dogs, and littie dogs (pet-dogs or lap-dogs), the Noble hounds of Valinor ("huor"), Chasers ("ronyar"), hunting dogs of the Elves and generally Hunting‑dogs of many kinds, including terriers, Sheep‑dogs, great Wolf‑hounds, The great hounds of the Beornings, royal dogs of Rohan and War‑dogs, possibly including the Morgul‑hounds or hounds of Sauron, which were almost like evil wolves, but bred and trained and thus by definition closer to domesticated dogs.

Wild dogs ("savari") included jackals (possibly in Aman), Moor‑hounds, the small wild dogs of Gondor and the Barrow‑hounds, remembered in dark tales.

wolves and wargs[]

Technically also wild dogs but usually put separetely the wolves ("harmar", "draugath") had been among the most feared of the lama raustear. Recorded were: Grey wolves, mountain wolves, and white wolves. War‑wolves, including those of Angmar were semi-domesticated akin to the Orc‑hounds, bred for battle while the wargs, both grey and mountain kinds included both wild and intelligent groups, also including the Ghost‑wolves or ghost‑wargs, counted as lesser werewolves ("gaurhoth"), and the war‑wargs like those of Mordor and Isengard which technically were at last semi-domesticated as they were bred , trained and kept in kennels or even barrack-like stables.

foxes[]

The foxes ("ruscor", "ruscath") had been known in several forms including: Large foxes and Red foxes

other predatory beasts[]

Other hunting beasts had also been remembered:

  • Badgers ("oryati", "felagundath"), including brocks, grey badgers, and great badgers
  • ferrets
  • fishers
  • martens, including Giant martens
  • Otters and great otters
  • sable
  • stoats
  • weasels

and

  • The great apes of the South

The Smaller Land‑Creatures[]

The lore‑masters had also recorded the lesser beasts of the fields and burrows. Though small in stature, they had been numerous and often of great consequence in the daily life of Elves, Men, Dwarves, and Hobbits. These creatures had been placed outside the greater orders, yet they had been carefully named and remembered.

Rodents[]

The rodents had been many and varied. Among them were:

  • Beavers (*"castori")
  • Mice ("niglali"), including field mice and the giant mice of Angband, possibly of demonic origin or otherwisely warped through sorcery or the Morgoth Element
  • Voles
  • Rats ("nyarror", "nadhrath"), including brown rats, street rats, sewer rats, wharf rats, great rats, and harbour rats
  • Squirrels ("rasillor", "peccuvor"), including the black squirrels and the squirrels of Mirkwood

Hares and Rabbits[]

The hares and rabbits ("lopoldër", "tapuci") had been common in many lands. Remembered were also Coneys, often mentioned in the Shire

Moles[]

The moles ("nolpar") had been known as burrowers beneath the earth.

The Eärcelvar (Water‑Beasts and Sea‑Creatures)[]

The eärcelvar, “water‑beasts,” had encompassed all those creatures that dwelt in rivers, lakes, and seas. The Eldarin lore‑masters had set them apart from the land‑beasts, and the Númenóreans, being seafarers, had preserved many names and added others from their own encounters.

fish[]

The fishes ("lingwër", "limath") had been numerous and diverse. Among them were remembered:

  • Long, serpentine fishes including Eels
  • Smallfish ("halar") including Small freshwater fishes: Herrings, carps, goldfish ("culuindi"), minnows ("nicsër")
  • Deep‑sea, underdeep- and unusual forms: Big‑eyed fish, Blind cave fish, Lanternfish
  • Larger freshwater and coastal fishes: Bass, Large‑eyed rabbitfish, Perch, Pikes, Puppy‑drums, (drumfish), Salmon, Trout, Wrasses
  • Singular or symbolic forms: Seahorses (not actually true fish)

Sea‑Mammals[]

Among the greater beasts of the waters had been:

  • Whales ("fantor","gwimmafath") including: Baleen whales
  • Dolphins (*"ulmondili")
  • Seals and sea‑lions

Shellfish and Crustaceans[]

The lore‑masters had also recorded the lesser creatures of the shores and depths:

  • Barnacles and crabs
  • Clams and oysters
  • Shellfish (*"hyalmawindëar")

Great Sea‑monsters[]

In the tales of mariners and in the records of lore were found the names of greater and more perilous beings:

  • Squid and kraken, including the freshwater kraken and possibly the Watcher in the Water, though it was likely of demonic origin, and Ulmo’s cursed creatures and the Sea‑serpents ("lingwëlócër")

Other Water‑Beings[]

Also remembered were:

  • Starfish and jellyfish
  • Snails and slugs, including: large snails and periwinkles
  • Mudworms and wriggling worms
  • Crawling vermin, including foulworms, and leeches ("asartar")
  • The world‑eaters, monstrous burrowers of the deep earth counted among the Nameless Gnawers
  • giant slimy eels, presumed to have been devolved or shapeshifted Balrogs

Inferred Species: Probable Inhabitants of the Westlands[]

The lists preserved by the Eldarin lore‑masters and by later Númenórean scholars were selective in purpose and scope; they recorded names of particular interest, wonder, poetry and song or ritual importance rather than offering an exhaustive faunal census. Many ordinary species — small mammals, common birds, riverine fish and widely domesticated stock — therefore passed unmentioned in the surviving registers. Their presence in the West‑lands is nevertheless attested by ecological analogy with prehistory, by the known derivation of later wild or domestic breeds from archaic progenitors, and by pervasive cultural traces in folklore, place‑names, mythology and material culture. For editorial clarity these animals are included here as “probable inhabitants” rather than as directly attested items of lore.

Large wild ungulates and herdstock[]

elk / moose, mouflon, Red deer, reindeer / caribou, Roe deer,

Medium and large predators[]

lynx, Wildcat / forest cat, Wolverine / larger mustelid relatives, riverine and coastal Otter

Small mammals, burrowers and field fauna[]

field hare, field‑mouse species, Hedgehog, Marmot, pine marten, red Squirrel, Shrew, ermine / polecat

Amphibians and reptiles[]

Freshwater terrapins / pond turtles, Newts, ringed water snake, Various small lizards, viper species

Freshwater and coastal fish[]

great sea salmon / wanderer salmon, pond- and river Carp, river- and lake trout

mussels, Crayfish and river crustaceans

Coastal flatfish and small coastal sharks/rays (nearshore fauna)

Marine mammals and coastal resources[]

Harbour seal / grey seal

Partridge / quail, ptarmigan / moorland game birds, Woodcock / other waders, egrets, wild and domestic Ducks and geese, kittiwakes (seabird cliff colonies)

Raptors, corvids and symbolic birds[]

Common buzzard / other broadwing raptors, Kestrel / merlin / small falcons, Goshawk / sparrowhawk / larger forest raptors, Peregrine / sea‑cliff falcons, Eagle (golden/sea eagle as scarce prestige birds), jackdaw, tawny owl, tree owls species

Small passerines and songbirds (common household and hedge species)[]

goldfinch, song thrush, field thrush, martins

Invertebrates of economic and cultural relevance[]

mosquitoes, Wild wasps, wood and soil beetles, dung beetles

Edible and shellfish invertebrates, shore crabs, limpets

Silk‑producing moths

Exotic or trade‑import animals (urban / port contexts)[]

Monkeys / Parrots

The Creatures of Aman and Other Singular Kinds[]

Certain beasts had been recorded only in the traditions of Aman or in the darker tales of the First Age. These had not been common in Middle‑earth, yet the lore‑masters had preserved their names, whether for their wonder or their dread.

Winged and Night‑Creatures[]

  • The bats of Fúi, said to have haunted the halls of Nienna
  • The jail‑crows of Mandos, ominous birds of ill report
  • The owls of Mandos, remembered in sombre lore
  • The dwarf hummingbirds, noted only in Aman
  • The dragonflies of paradise, likewise confined to Aman
  • The lantern‑eyed moths, a strange kind of night‑fliers

Great Beasts and Monsters[]

  • The great glow‑worms of Aman, remembered for their shining light
  • The great bears of Númenor, peaceful and amicable bear-kind
  • Ulmo’s cursed creature, counted among the sea‑monsters
  • The sea‑serpents, an otherwise unknown species of Dragon-kind
  • Other sea‑monsters of uncertain kind, spoken of in mariners’ tales undcluding maybe the Fastitocalon

General[]

It was believed thar Aman was home to animals of almost every natural kind, though often more beautiful and far larger, the following were explicitly mentioned in elvish scriptures:

Mammals — large and medium[]

Bears / Black Bears Bisons Jackals Lions Narwhal Noble Hound Otter Ronyor Sable Sealions Wild Dogs Wolf

terrestrial predators, large herbivores and notable coastal/marine mammals[]

Mammals — small and burrowing: Badgers Hares / Rabbits Moles Mice Rats Squirrels Hedgehogs Lobor Stoat / Weasel (if you retain variants)

domestic and semi‑domestic stock[]

Elven Cattle / Fairy Cattle Elven Sheep Elven Horses / Wild Horses / Horses of the Valar Elfin Deer / Fallow Deer / Roe / Harts Pigs / Boars Goat

Birds — raptors, corvids[]

Great Eagles / Wild Eagles Falcons of Manwe / Wild Falcons / Hawks Ravens / Wild Crows / Blackbirds Nightingale / Thrushes / Robins Peacock / Pheasants

Birds — waterfowl, seabirds, shorebirds[]

Swans / Great Swans of Ulmo Geese / Eider-Duck / Ducks Gannets / Gulls / Great Gulls / Storm‑Mews / Mews Guillemots / Puffin Petrel / Storm‑Petrel / Cormorants Kingfishers / Heron-type (implied) Wader-type: Woodcock / Snipe (if desired)

Fish and marine life[]

Fishes Eels Dolphins Whales Crabs / Urchins / Shells Giant Octopus / Coral

Invertebrates and insects[]

Honeybees / Golden Bees Beetles Butterfly / Golden Butterflies Dragonfly / Dragonflies Moths / Ghost‑moths / Fireflies / Great Glow‑worms Caterpillars / Lice / Flies / Weevils Eathworms / Worms / Mud‑worm

Miscellaneous, exotics and curiosities[]

Barnacle Sorrel (botanical entry retained) Camels Monkeys / Parrots Zebras Alatatalantecuimars / Sea‑serpent

See also[]

General lists and family-trees[]

Rávasse[]

Main article: Rávasse

Amphibians and reptiles

Amphibian[]

Main article: Amphibian
  • Amphibian: (Q. "Yulunefíter")
    • Toads and frogs ("Quaker" and "Kabori")
    • Salamanders (L)

Reptile[]

Main article: Reptile

Rámacelvar (Q."Winged Animals")[]

Main article: Winged Animals

Bats ("Qildarer")[]

  • Bats or Cwildred
    • Fruit Bats or Flying foxes
      • Mongbats
    • Small Bats (L)
      • Barrow-bats (L)
      • Birdmice
      • Brown long-eared bat
      • Cave-Bats (L)
      • Fire Bats
      • Flitting Bats
      • Greater horseshoe bat
      • Grey Bats
      • Jegga bats
      • Lesser horseshoe bat
      • lesser short-tailed bat
      • Mountain Bats
      • Ondokamba Bats
      • Pond Bats
      • Rark Bats
      • rearmouse
      • Ruins-Bats
      • Shrill-Bats
      • tree-bats
      • vault shrikes or nalaew Rond
      • Winged Shriekers
    • Large Bats
      • Bloodfangs
      • Bloodwings
      • cavern wings or Ramman Agar
      • chill-winds
      • Dark-Claws
      • Fallenfangs
      • Fellwings
      • gloom-wings
      • Greater mouse-eared bat
      • Grey long-eared bat
      • hunting bats (L)
      • Flying foxes
      • Serganca
      • shadow-wings or Shadowbats
      • Stormwings
    • great bats (L)

Birds (Q."Wilini")[]

  • Birds
    • Aiwer or small Birds
    • cuckoos (L)
      • Mirkwood Cuckoos
      • Roadrunners
    • cranes (L)
      • rails (L)
    • Divers or Loon (L)
    • goat-suckers (L)
      • Cavebirds (L)
      • Frogmouths
      • Nightjars (L)
    • halatir or heledirn (kingfishers) (L)
      • Blue Fishers (L)
      • Darkland laughing Birds
      • redheaded fisher
      • Snowbirds (L)
    • Parrots
      • Iu-Tori
    • pigeons or Doves (Q."Cuar") (L)
      • blue pigeons
      • Carrier Pigeons
      • rock-doves (L)
    • Pinnucs, filiki and Liri (sparrows or Finches) (L)
      • Songbirds (Q."Lindor")
        • buntings (L)
          • Ambalër or Yellowhammers (L)
          • Asmalinder (L)
        • Rohan Cardinals
        • crows and ravens (Q."Corcor") (L)
          • Blood Ravens
          • Carrion Crows (L)
          • Great Crows (L)
          • Cruel-beaks or Great Carrion rows
          • Dark-wings
          • Dun crows
          • Forest Ravens
          • Frost Ravens
          • green-winged crows
          • Grosbeaks
          • Iron-beaks
          • Jays (L)
          • Sharp-eyes
            • Blue Jay
          • Mirkwood crows
          • mistravens
          • Mottled Ravens
          • Mountain Ravens (L)
          • ravens of the north (L)
          • Rooks (L)
          • Southern Crows
          • Stormcrows (L)
          • Storm Ravens
          • Thorn-talons
        • Dippers (L)
        • Dúlinn Tuilindor or Swallows (L)
          • Barn Swallows
        • Finches (L)
          • Chaffinch (L)
        • Elven Birds of Tol Eressea
        • Flycatchers (L)
          • Chats (L)
          • merilin, lómelindë or tindómerel (tinuviel, Nightingale) (L)
          • Robins ("crinthammos") (L)
            • scarlet robin
        • Gacalac
        • Larks (Q."Lirulini") (L)
        • Nuthatches (L)
        • shrikes (L)
        • Starlings (L)
          • Wuflila or Desert-Starlings
        • Sparrows
          • House Sparrow
        • thrushes (L)
          • Blackbirds (L)
          • Bluebirds (L)
          • Song Thrushes
        • Tits or Chickadee (L)
          • Blue Tits
          • Great Tits (L)
          • Marsh-Tits
          • Willow Tits (L)
        • Wattle-eyes
          • Gold-speckled brown Birds (L)
        • wrens or Kinglets (L)
          • kirinki (L)
          • Willow-Wren (L)
          • winter-wrens
      • Warblers (L)
    • birds of prey
      • eagles (Q."Sornor") (L)
      • falcons (L)
      • Fioni or Haror (hawks) (L)
        • Black Hawks of the Morannon
        • Black marsh-hawk
        • Broad-winged Hawk
        • crag-hawks
        • Dun-coloured Hawk
        • echo-hawks
        • Goshawks
        • Grass-hawks
        • Great Wood-Hawks or O-Taka
        • Hellhawks (L)
        • Mallorn Hawks
        • Nighthawks (L)
        • North Hawks
        • Red-footed Hawks
        • Sea-Hawks
        • Small Hawks
        • harriers (L)
          • Chill-Harriers
          • Marsh-Harriers
          • Screaming Harriers
        • hendroval
        • Mallorn hawks
        • north-hawks
        • Roughleg Hawk
        • Sparrow-Hawks or Speriang
        • Uster Hawks
      • buzzards
      • owls (L)
        • barn-owls (L)
        • barrow Owls
        • Brownowls (L)
        • Great Owls (L)
        • Long-eared Owls (L)
        • Owls of Mandos (L)
        • screech-owls (L)
        • Spirit-Owls (L)
        • short-eared owls
        • Tawny owls
        • White Owls
      • Red Kite (L)
      • vultures (L)
        • Black Vultures
          • Vultures of the Ered Lithui
        • Condors
        • Griffon vultures
        • Hopta or Carrion-Bird
        • long-billed vultures
          • Slender-billed vultures
        • Vultures of Harad
          • Andesalke Vultures
          • Cape vultures
          • Lappet-faced vultures
          • white-backed vultures
          • White-headed vultures
        • Red-headed vultures
        • Wind Mountain vultures
        • Vulture-Roc
        • White-rumped vultures
    • fowl (Q."Poroki") (L)
      • Landfowl
      • Núsberain
        • Oliphaunt-Birds
        • Ostriches
          • Horinn
        • Roc
      • pheasants (L)
      • Waterfowl (L)
        • ducks (Q."Quár") (L)
          • Blue-headed Ducks
          • Eider Ducks (L)
          • Green-headed Duck
          • red-headed ducks
          • red-legged pochards
          • Splittailed Ducks
          • Swamp-Ducks
        • Geese (Q."Váni") (L)
        • Grebes
        • Little Grebe
        • screamers (L)
        • swans (Q."Alquar") (L)
          • Black swans
          • great swans (L)
          • jatewoones
          • Lordly Swans (L)
          • Mute Swan
          • Night-Swans
          • Pied Swans or Eilph Tithin
          • Royal swans (L)
          • Swans of Gorbelgod (L)
          • White Swans (L)
    • Seabirds (L)
      • Mŷl, maew or maiwër (Gulls) (L)
        • Black Wing Gulls
        • great seagulls (L)
        • Icegulls
        • White Gulls (L)
        • Páne or Cuen (Petrels, small Gulls) (L)
          • albatrosses (L)
          • Seamews (L)
          • Stormbirds (L)
          • Storm-Mews (L)
          • Storm Petrels (L)
      • Waders or Shorebirds (L)
        • Plovers (L)
        • Sandpipers (L)
          • Curlew
        • Stilt (L)
        • Snipe (L)
    • storks (L)
    • Tambaror (Woodpeckers)
      • Red-headed Woodpeckers
    • Water-Birds
      • Auks
        • Great Auk
        • Guillemots (L)
        • Puffins (L)
      • Booby
        • Brown Booby
      • Cormorants (L)
      • Gannets
      • Pelicans
        • Herons (L)
        • Ibis
    • Swifts ("Lindwil") (L)
      • Dwarf Hummingbirds (L)
      • Chamber-Birds
      • Hummingbirds of Númeriador

Potili (Q."Manyfooted")[]

Insects (Q."Pir")[]

  • Wingless Insects
    • Bedbugs
    • Fleas (L)
      • Ayniic Flea
      • Sand Fleas
    • Lice ("Gwevin") (L)
      • Fist-aphids
    • stick insects
  • winged insects
    • Ants (L)
      • Ant-Marouk
      • Black carpenter ants
      • Black garden ant
      • Gorgoroth Ants
      • Great Warrior Ants
      • Hulmiis Ant
      • Mantis-Ants
      • Red Ants or Fire Ants
    • Bees (Q."Nieri") (L)
    • Dragonflies or Sithagongs (L)
      • Dragonflies of Paradise (L)
      • Giant Dragonflies
    • Beetles (L)
      • Firefly
        • Bragolith Fireflies
        • Glooming-fireflies
        • Glow-worms
          • Great Glow-Worms
      • Great Beetles
      • Stag Beetle (L)
        • Green Beetles
        • Hultif
        • Red Beetles
      • Lava-Bugs
      • Long-horned beetles (L)
        • Large Beetles of Sîrayn
      • Milmorinaer
      • Water Beetle or diving Beetle (L)
        • Great Water Beetle
      • Weevils (L)
        • Woodworms (L)
    • Wilwarin ("Butterflies") (L)
      • Great Wilwarin
      • Laurewilwarin
      • Marsh-Butterflies
      • Moths (Fufril) (L)
        • Black Moths (L)
        • Dark Greys (L)
        • emperor gum moth
        • Lantern-Eyed Moths (L)
        • Nightdazzle-Moths
        • Peppered moth
        • stalked eye-Moths
        • Silkworms
          • Oak silkworms
          • Mânsirrima
        • Poisonous Moths
        • White Moths (L)
      • Purple Emperor (L)
        • Black Butterflies of Mirkwood (L)
      • Rilyawilwarin
    • Crickets (L)
      • Bush Crickets
      • Deep-crickets
      • Grodbogs
      • House Cricket
      • Neekerbreekers (L)
      • Norbogs
        • Hoardale Norbogs
        • Marsh Norbogs
        • Sand Norbogs
        • Swamp Norbogs
    • Flies or Sithali (L)
      • Bog-Flies
      • Culaegan
      • horseflies (L)
        • dark giant horsefly
      • Gnats (L)
        • Biting gnats
        • Black Flies
          • stinging black-flies (L)
        • Buzzing gnats
        • Midges (L)
          • Greiman
          • highland midge
        • Mosquitos
          • house mosquito or northern house mosquito
          • Giant Mosquitos
          • Morgreimings
          • tundra mosquitos
        • Rainforest Gnats
        • Stinging gnats
      • Houseflies
      • Morgai flies (L)
      • Sand Flies
      • harvest flies
      • Lake Flies
      • Marshflies
      • Moor-Flies
      • Plague Flies
      • sickle flies
      • Silver Flies (L)
      • Swamp-flies (L)
      • Vale-Flies
      • Willow-Flies
    • grasshoppers (L)
    • Mantis
      • Great Mantis
      • Praying Mantis
    • Wasps

Spiders (Q."Lianter")[]

Leaf-eaters (Q"Lausimatwar")[]

Bovids (Q."Rasser")[]

Giraffes (Q. "Andaxi")[]

Horses ("Olombor")[]

Moles (Q."Noldarer")[]

  • Moles (L)
  • Naked mole-rat or desert mole rat

Pigs (Q."Pólcar")[]

Rodents ("Venyarror")[]

  • rodents (L)
    • Beavers (L)
      • Swamp-Beavers
    • claws
      • Blade-Beaks
      • Cave-Claws
        • Black-beak Cave Claws
        • Green back Cave-Claws
        • Green-beak Cave-Claws
        • Pink-beak Cave-Claws
        • Tan-Back Cave Claws
      • Corpse-Claws
      • Dark-Claws
      • Deep-Claws
      • Stone-Claws
    • Hare and rabbits (Q."lapatter") (L)
      • Coneys (L)
        • Atenla
        • Brown Rabbits
        • Desert Rabbits
        • Domesticated Rabbits
          • Pinto Rabbits
        • Dun-Coloured Rabbits
        • Rhosgobel-Rabbits
        • Thicket Coneys
      • Hare (L)
    • Lemmings
    • Leuman dal
    • mice (Q."nyarrincer") (L)
      • Giajia
      • Field Mice (L)
      • Giant Mice of Angband (L)
      • hazel dormouse
      • House Mouse
      • Quaquam
      • Sashavac
      • Snowmice
      • Wood Mouse
      • Tree Mice
      • Voles (L)
        • Water Vole or Water Rat
          • brown water-rats
          • harbour-rats (L)
          • Marsh-Rats
      • shrews
        • biting shrews
        • death shrews or cecren guruth
        • Dusty Shrews
        • Large Shrews
        • Long-tooth shrews
        • Pesky Shrews
        • Plains Shrews
        • Spotted Shrews
    • Porcupines and Hedgehogs
      • Angmarean Porcupines
      • Cavy
        • Jungle Cavy
      • Hedgehogs
    • Prase
    • rats (Q."Nyarror") (L)
      • Barrow-Rats (L)
      • Black rats ship rats, roof rats, house rats
      • brown rats street rats, sewer rats or wharf rats (L)
      • Corpse-Rats
      • cunara
      • field rats
      • Great rats (L)
      • Lautan
      • long-eared rats
      • plague-rats
      • Prairie Rats
      • rat-like creatures
      • Stowaway Rats
      • Tunnel Rats
    • squirrels (L)
      • Flying Squirrels
      • tree squirrels
        • Brown Squirrels
        • grey squirrels
        • Mirkwood Squirrels (L)
        • Grey Squirrels
        • Northern squirrels
        • red squirrels
        • Silvan-Squirrels
        • silver squirrels
        • Storm-Squirrels
        • Striped Squirrels
        • Winter-Squirrels
      • Gophers
        • Ground squirrels
          • Zirbûn
          • Marmots
          • Woodchucks
        • Prairie Dogs

Other[]

  • Sloth

Meat-eaters (Q. "Maxematwar")[]

Apes and Monkeys (Q. "Lamni Attalyar")[]

  • Apes (L)
  • monkeys (L)
    • Baboons
      • Blue Monkeys
      • Red Baboons
      • Ru-Luni-Lapu
      • Throk-Vurd
    • Ciuvu Niavi or Peredrûgwath
    • Lemurs
    • majmun
    • Marmosets
    • Ru-Lani-Lapu

Badgers (Q. "Oryapini")[]

  • Badgers (L)
    • Black Badgers
    • Brocks or Grey Badgers or Eriador (L)
    • Great Badgers (L)
    • Rock Badgers

Bears (Q."Morcor")[]

Cat-family (Q."Yauler")[]

Dog-Family (Q."Harmar")[]

Marsupials (Q."Pokolamani")[]

  • Gall Bears
  • Opossums
  • Possums

Weasel Family (Q."Lihlicconi")[]

Riding and draft animals (Q."oromeriannar")[]

Camels (Q. "Ulumpër")[]

  • Camels or Devevi (Q."Ulunti") (L)
    • Boulak
    • Deve Poa
    • Djabah
    • War Camels

Horses (Q."Mairor")[]

Great Beasts or thick-hided Beasts (Q. "Taryahelmar")[]

Water-beasts (Q."Eärcelvar")[]

Aquatic Mammals[]

  • Cetaceans
    • Baleen Whales (Q."Uini") (L)
      • Blue whales
      • Bowhead whales
      • Grey whales
      • Humpback whales
      • Right whales or Ice whales
    • Toothed whales
  • Pinnipeds
  • Sirenians
    • Manatees
    • Sea pigs" or "Sea camels

Clams and Crustaceans (Q."Vehyalmar")[]

Fish(Q."Lingwer")[]

  • Fishes (L)
    • armoured fish
    • bony fish
      • ray-finned fishes
        • Bullheads
          • Brown Bullhead
        • Catfish
          • Carnivorous Fish of Calenardhon
          • Red Jaws
          • Wels
            • Great Wels
          • Surn
        • Cods
          • Zinfar
        • Eels (L)
        • Flatfish
          • Flounder
            • Starry Flounder
          • Wyg
        • Lumpfish
        • Smallfish (Q."Halar") (L)
          • Barbling
          • Herrings (L)
            • Giant oarfish
            • Sardines
              • Pilchard
            • Smelt
        • Loach
          • Carps (L)
            • Barbel
            • Bitterlings
              • Bright Bitterling
            • Dace
            • Darter
              • Bandfin Darter
              • Blackfin Darter
              • Bloodfin Darter
              • Firebelly Darter
              • Greenfin Darter
              • Longfin Darter
              • Orangefin Darter
              • Redfin Darter
            • Goldfish (L)
            • Giant Goldfish
            • Mairenke
            • Rudd
            • white-eyed fish
          • Minnows (Q."Nisi") (L)
          • Mullets
            • Golden Mullet
              • Great Golden Mullet
        • mail-cheeked" fishes
          • scorpionfish
            • Cave Stingers
            • Lionfish
            • Stonefish
          • Zifar
        • Lanternfish (L)
          • Fanged lanternfish
        • Panfish
        • Pickerel
          • Pikes (L)
            • Great Pikes
            • Mossback Pikes
            • Needle-fanged fish
          • Smelt
        • Piranhas
        • Salmon (L)
          • Char
          • Fal Fish
          • king salmon, spring salmon
          • Graylings
            • Gleaming Grayling
          • Great Salmons
          • Houtings
          • Trouts (L)
            • Brown Trout
            • Bull Trout
            • Lake Trout
            • Rainbow Trout
              • Steelhead
            • Red-spotted Trout
            • Redband Trout
            • River Trout
            • Speckled Trout
        • Seahorses (L)
          • lined seahorse , northern seahorse or spotted seahorse
        • Stickleback Fish
        • Sturgeons
          • Dwarf Sturgeon
          • Fringebarbel Sturgeon
          • Green Sturgeon
          • Pallid Sturgeon
          • Shortnose Sturgeon
          • Shovelnose Sturgeon
          • White Sturgeon
    • cartilage-fish
    • Cavefish
      • Blindfish
        • Pale blind Fish
    • Rays
      • electric rays
      • Great Rays
      • Mantas
        • small Mantas
        • large Mantas or Merchaithrais
        • giant oceanic manta ray
      • Sawfish
      • Stingrays
    • Sharks
      • Hammerheads
      • Milkeyes
      • Nímaeargyrth
      • panthersharks
      • Sinister sharks
      • skysharks
      • Smallsharks
        • Gaerhuanoth or Dogfish
      • Whip-tailed shark
    • spiny sharks

Polyps (Q."Windearancor")[]

  • Polyps
    • Corals
    • Sea anemone

Snails or Slugs (Q."Lucuhlici")[]

  • snails (L)
    • Flesh-Slugs
    • Garden Snail
    • Greenslugs or Poison-Slugs
    • Kerry Slugs
    • Large Snails (L)
      • Bog-Slugs
      • field slugs
      • Giant Slugs
      • Marish-Slugs
      • Marsh Slugs
      • Periwinkle
      • River-Slugs
      • Slimy Slugs
    • rock-slugs

Other[]

  • Crawling Vermin (Multipedes)
    • Ash-crawlers
    • Barrow-crawlers
    • Blindworms
    • Bloodworms
    • Bog-crawlers
    • Cave-crawlers
    • Corpse-crawlers
    • Darkland Crawlers
    • Foulworms (L)
    • Leaf-crawlers
    • Marsh-crawlers
    • Muck-crawlers
    • Plagueworms
    • Poison-Worms
    • Root-crawlers
    • Stone-crawlers
    • Tomb-crawlers
    • Ulcercain
    • leeches (L)
    • Blood-leeches
    • Brimstone-leeches
    • giant leeches
    • marsh leeches
  • Jellyfish (L)
  • Plankton
  • Sea Urchins
  • Worms (L)
    • Cave-Worms
    • Submarine Worms
      • Deep-worms
    • Earthworms
      • Foul-worms (L)
      • Giant Sheep-killing Earth-Worm
      • Iceworms
      • mud-worm (L)
      • Rotworms
      • Wriggling Worms (L)
    • Fen-Worms
  • Glitters
  • Slign
  • slimy things
  • Slirdu
  • Sponges
  • White Wisps
  • world-eaters (L)
  • little worms (anaerobic nematodes)
    • house-ringworm (L)
    • Worms (parasites) (L)

(L) = Creatures mentioned in the Legendarium

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