Racism

Since the publishing of the first edition of the Lord of the Rings there have been accusations of an either obvious or at last latent racism in Tolkien's Works.While Tolkien himself strongly rejected Racialism, Antisemitism, or White Supremacy a subliminal Eurocentrism, Nationalism, and extenuation of autocracy are at least debatable.

While Tolkien defended himself against accusations of racism,however racism and racial and cultural bias are real and obvious elements of many of the fictional cultures he created for Middle-Earth.

examples for Racist views and cultural arrogance in Middle-Earth

 * Orcs were known to dispise or hate other races (and even their own kind if they were as a different breed or bloodline).
 * The Uruk-Hai considered themselves a race superior to the Lesser Orcs, whom they humiliated as Snagas or Slave-Race.
 * The Númenóreans looked down upon the Men of Middle-Earth whom they considered inferior.They only accepted the northern Eriadorians and later the Northmen as -what they considered Middle-Men - and oppressed all other Indigenious cultures, including the natives of Gondor and Enedhwaith who were also close kinsmen , but not recognised as such because they seemed smaller and darker of skin and spoke languages unrelated to Adûnaic.
 * The Dúnedain opposed what they saw as "racial intermixture" because they though of the "thinning" of númenórean blood to be the reason for their cultural decline.In Gondor the refusal of many Nobles to accept a king (Eldacar) who was of half-northron heritage led to a civil war known as the Kin-strife.
 * The Elves saw themselves superior to other races, the Eldar only accepted those people who were close relatives of their ancient allies and vassals, the Edain and even looked down upon their own eastern Kindred, the Avari.The High-Elves thought of themselves as the most exalted people while the Sindar claimed to be superior of their Nandor kindred and  the Wild Elves.
 * the Northmen claimed to be superior to the Easterlings, their remote relatives the Dunlendings and the small Drughu, seeing themselves as the closest kinsmen of the Dúnedain.
 * The Avari are were known as xenophobic and even hostile to mortal men and other races.
 * The Rohirrim often hunted the Drúedain for no reason, seeing them as beasts rather than men.
 * The Dunlendings had a deep cultural hatered against the Rohirrim and their Dúnadan allies.
 * The Dúnedain of Gondor disregarded their eriadorian kinsfolk, the Rangers of the north, as a decrepit bloodline.
 * The Dwarves were known as distrustful and self-isolating.Only intermittent friendships to other peoples, notably the Northmen, Dunlendings or some Elves, existed.

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